Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control of computer.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in the past to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production with the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such seeing that air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after your creditors were paid fully, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
1960 Borgward Lloyd Arabella Pappbrief, 1.Hd!, 34 tkm! Car Photo and
Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared within Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover of only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by the North American slump successful for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Borgward Pullman swing axle showing differential side bearings.
At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further one particular million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment your senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
pictures from the Swedish Borgward Club39;s meeting 2006 in Vallersvik
In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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