Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the company's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control of computer.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from companies he had acquired in the past to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production with the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such seeing that air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the particular creditors were paid in full, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the business's demise. The widest range of cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover of only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reports. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers with 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump successful for imported cars through 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further 1 million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment your senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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